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Weathering
The natural breakdown and decay of rocks caused by exposure to environmental conditions over time. Weathering occurs through a variety of physical, chemical, and biological processes. Common causes include large temperature swings, extreme heat or cold, frost action (freeze-thaw cycles), and the abrasive force of wind-blown sand or moving water.
Unlike erosion, which involves the movement of broken material, weathering is the process that weakens and fragments rock in place.
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